Part I of the Conference Series »A Europe of Differences« (2020–2022) From 2020 to 2022, the Leibniz Institute of European History (IEG) is organizing a conference series to discuss the key findings and overall perspectives of its current research programme on negotiating differences in early and late modern Europe. There is a specific focus on the interaction of different categories of difference and their contingent hierarchization. The conference series also looks at the fluid boundaries of Europe, which were subject to diverse processes of negotiation. This was the starting point of this second conference in the series. The conference takes place digitally. As the theme of negotiating differences is understood as both a historical object and a research perspective, the conference approached »provincializing Europe« on two levels. Firstly, the papers investigated concrete historical events and processes of exchange between Europe and other parts of the world. Secondly, they reflected on historiographical approaches and methods for studying European history as a history of relations.