This project systematically investigates the connections between socialist-communist underground work and women's networks under Nazi occupation along the transregional European flight routes (Soviet Union, Poland, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, France). In addition to transregional approaches, the project draws on research findings from gender studies and biographical research, focusing on female aid networks and resistance strategies. From a gender history perspective, the study explores the role of gender in shaping decisions regarding assistance to persecuted individuals in occupied Europe, as well as the societal developments that contributed to the emergence of rescue operations. In alignment with the survivors' perspectives, the project adopts a concept of resistance (Yehuda Bauer) that defines any action directed against Nazi rule as resistance.